Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving

DEFENSIVE > SLIDING > VERTICAL

Vertical

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Driving over hills, dips, and uneven road surfaces creates more than just a bumpy ride. These vertical forces can have a major impact on how your vehicle handles, from braking and acceleration to maintaining traction and control. Vertical motion changes the amount of grip your tires have on the road, affecting your ability to respond safely in a variety of conditions.

What happens to your car’s braking ability when it crests a hill? How does vertical load transfer affect tire traction on bumpy roads? What should you do if your car feels weightless or unstable after a rise or dip? How can uneven road surfaces cause a loss of control or increase stopping distance? What role does vehicle speed play in vertical motion and driving safety?

This page explores how vertical forces influence your car’s performance and how these forces can increase the risk of accidents when not understood or managed properly. With clear explanations and practical safety tips, you’ll learn how to anticipate and respond to these dynamics so you can stay in control and reduce danger on all types of terrain.

A slide can be induced into a vehicle because of a force along the vertical axis.

As a result of such a force, there is less downward pressure of the tires onto the road and could reach the point where traction is lost or if the force is great enough, even lift off from the road surface.

Some of the possible causes are listed below:

  • Hitting a bump in the road at a high enough speed.

  • Hitting an obstacle in the road at a sufficient speed.

  • Traveling over a dip in the road at a minimum speed.

  • Defective suspension that allows a wheel to bounce.

  • Hydroplaning when hitting a pool of water at a high enough speed.

🛈 Info:

How vertical forces affect vehicle traction and braking control

🛈 Vertical forces on a vehicle in motion

  • When a vehicle is in motion, it is subject to several vertical forces, including:

  • Weight: The weight of the vehicle is the force exerted by gravity on the mass of the vehicle. The weight of a vehicle affects its stability and handling, and can cause compression forces on the suspension system.

  • Aerodynamic forces: Aerodynamic forces are the forces created by the airflow around the vehicle. These forces can include lift and drag, and can affect the stability and control of the vehicle.

  • Road surface forces: The interaction between the tires and the road surface can create vertical forces, including the normal force and the frictional force. The normal force is the force exerted by the road surface on the tires, which is equal and opposite to the weight of the vehicle. The frictional force is the force created by the interaction between the tires and the road surface, which affects the traction and braking ability of the vehicle.

  • Suspension forces: The suspension system of a vehicle is designed to absorb and dampen the vertical forces created by the weight of the vehicle, road surface forces, and aerodynamic forces. The suspension system can compress and rebound in response to these forces, which can affect the ride comfort and handling of the vehicle.

Understanding the vertical forces acting on a moving vehicle is important for vehicle design and safety, as well as for understanding the physics of vehicle dynamics.

Engineers and designers use this knowledge to optimize the design of vehicles for stability, handling, and safety, while drivers can use this knowledge to adjust their driving habits based on road conditions and vehicle performance.

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Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving