Car Mirror Checks for Roadworthiness and Safe Driving
💡 Tips to prevent mirrors from fogging
Clean mirrors are less prone to fogging or misting. See windows . If your car has it, use the built in heating. It normally is switched on in conjunction with the rear window defrosting element. Use an alcohol wipe. Make sure you don't get any liquid onto the rest of the body and if you do, wipe off immediately. Alternatively, cut a potato in half, wipe over the surface of the mirror and then clean off with tissue paper. Yes, it does work! If your mirror doesn't have built-in heating, a thin layer of shaving foam or a commercial anti-fog treatment, applied and buffed clear, can also reduce fogging. Never try to wipe a fogged mirror with a dry cloth while driving — pull over safely first. Do NOT use any water repellent products designed for the windshield. This will cause the water to bead up and the drops will limit your view in the mirror. See Motorhills for more info.
? Questions about vehicle mirror maintenance
How often should I inspect my vehicle mirrors?
It is recommended to inspect your vehicle mirrors every time you wash your car or at least once a week. Look for cracks, chips, or other signs of damage that may obstruct your view.
Can I use wax or polish on my vehicle mirrors?
No, it is not recommended to use wax or polish on your vehicle mirrors, as they can leave behind a residue that can obstruct your view. Use a cleaning solution specifically designed for glass surfaces.
How do I protect my vehicle mirrors from scratches?
To protect your vehicle mirrors from scratches, avoid parking too close to other cars or objects and be careful when cleaning them. If you have to wipe away dirt or debris, use a microfiber cloth and avoid using abrasive materials.
Should I cover my vehicle mirrors in extreme weather conditions?
If you live in an area with extreme weather conditions, such as heavy snow or hail, it may be a good idea to cover your vehicle mirrors to prevent damage. Use a cover specifically designed for vehicle mirrors and make sure it is secured tightly.
How do I adjust my power mirrors if they stop working?
If your power mirrors stop working, first check the fuse and replace it if necessary. If the fuse is not the issue, it may be a problem with the mirror motor or switch. It is recommended to have a professional diagnose and repair the issue.
? What are the legal requirements for vehicle mirrors, including size, placement, and visibility?
Number and Type of Mirrors
Interior rearview mirror: Passenger cars are generally required under FMVSS No. 111 to have an interior rearview mirror providing the specified field of view. Driver-side exterior mirror: Passenger cars are also required to have a driver's-side exterior mirror meeting the applicable federal field-of-view requirements. Passenger-side mirror: A passenger-side exterior mirror may be required when the interior rearview mirror cannot provide the required field of view. Obstructed rear view: Vehicles such as trucks, vans, and vehicles towing trailers can have additional mirror requirements when the driver's rearward view is restricted. Other vehicle types: Motorcycles, buses, commercial vehicles, and heavier trucks can be subject to different mirror requirements.
Mirror Size, Placement, and Field of View
Mirrors must provide the required view of the road behind and alongside the vehicle. Exterior mirrors must be positioned to provide the required field of view. Required mirrors must be appropriately adjustable and securely mounted. Different vehicle categories can have different minimum reflective-surface and field-of-view requirements. Larger vehicles may require larger or additional mirrors because of their greater blind areas.
Mirror Condition and Visibility
Mirrors should be securely attached to the vehicle. Cracked, broken, loose, or missing required mirrors may create a safety or legal problem. Dirt, stickers, accessories, or other obstructions should not interfere with the required field of view. Replacement mirrors should provide the visibility required for the particular vehicle rather than being selected solely for appearance.
Flat and Convex Mirrors
Flat mirrors provide a relatively undistorted representation of objects and distances. Convex mirrors provide a wider field of view but can make objects appear smaller or farther away. Federal regulations do not simply require every vehicle mirror to be flat or every passenger-side mirror to be convex. The permitted configuration depends on the applicable vehicle requirements.
Height and Position
Mirrors must be positioned to provide the required rearward and side visibility. The mounting arrangement must allow the required mirror to function as intended. Adjustable mirrors must be capable of being positioned appropriately for the driver's required field of view. Requirements can vary significantly between passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other vehicle categories.
Aftermarket Mirrors
Electronic Mirrors and Backup Cameras
Special Vehicle Requirements
Trucks and buses may require additional or larger exterior mirrors. Commercial vehicles can be subject to additional federal or state requirements. Motorcycles have their own mirror provisions under FMVSS No. 111. Vehicles with restricted rear visibility may require additional exterior mirrors.
U.S. State Requirements
Vehicle Inspections and Compliance
Summary
Mirror regulations address number, type, size, mounting, field of view, and condition . Requirements vary according to vehicle type and jurisdiction . In the United States, FMVSS No. 111 establishes federal requirements for applicable new vehicles Vehicles with restricted rear visibility may require additional exterior mirrors. Flat and convex mirror configurations can both be used where they satisfy the applicable requirements. Mirrors should be secure, clean, unobstructed, and capable of providing the required field of view . Drivers should check their state's official motor-vehicle laws or DMV/DOT guidance when determining whether a particular mirror configuration is legal.
? What should I do if my vehicle mirrors are broken or damaged?
Assess the Damage
Extent of Damage: Determine whether the mirror is cracked, shattered, loose, or completely missing. Assess whether the damage affects your ability to see clearly around your vehicle. Mirror Type: Check if the damaged mirror is the rearview mirror, driver’s side mirror, or passenger-side mirror, as different mirrors have different levels of importance and legal requirements.
Temporary Solutions
Secure Loose Mirrors: If the mirror is loose but not completely broken, try to secure it temporarily with tape or another adhesive until you can get it properly repaired or replaced. Use a Portable Mirror: In an emergency, you can use a portable mirror (like a bicycle mirror) as a temporary fix for side mirrors, although this is not ideal and should only be a short-term solution. Avoid Driving: If the damage severely limits your visibility, it’s safest to avoid driving until the mirror is fixed. Consider arranging for a tow or repair service to come to you.
Replace or Repair the Mirror
DIY Replacement: If you’re comfortable with car repairs, you can buy a replacement mirror from an auto parts store or online and install it yourself. Ensure you follow the instructions carefully to secure it properly. Professional Repair: For a more reliable fix, take your vehicle to a mechanic or auto body shop. They can replace the mirror and ensure it’s installed correctly and securely. Insurance Claim: If the damage was caused by an accident, check with your insurance provider to see if the repair or replacement is covered under your policy.
Legal Considerations
Driving Laws: Driving without functioning mirrors is illegal in many regions and can result in fines or penalties. Ensure that your vehicle meets the minimum legal requirements for mirrors before driving. Inspection Requirements: If your vehicle is due for an inspection, damaged or missing mirrors will likely cause it to fail. Address the issue before your next inspection.
Safety Concerns
Reduced Visibility: Driving without properly functioning mirrors greatly increases the risk of accidents, as you’ll have significant blind spots. Prioritize getting your mirrors fixed to ensure you can see vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, and other obstacles around you. Backup Options: If only one mirror is damaged and you need to drive before it’s repaired, be extra cautious. Use the remaining mirrors and physically turn your head to check blind spots more frequently.
Summary
Assess Damage: Determine the extent of the damage and its impact on visibility. Temporary Fixes: Secure loose mirrors or use a portable mirror as a short-term solution, but avoid driving if visibility is severely impaired. Repair or Replace: Get the mirror repaired or replaced, either by doing it yourself or through a professional service. Legal and Safety: Ensure your vehicle meets legal requirements and prioritize safety by fixing mirrors promptly.
? How do I fix a broken or loose vehicle side mirror?
Assess the Damage
Broken Glass: If only the mirror glass is broken, you may only need to replace the glass. Loose Mirror: If the entire mirror housing is loose, it could be due to loose screws, a broken mounting bracket, or damaged internal components. Damaged Housing: If the mirror housing is cracked or broken, you may need to replace the entire side mirror assembly.
Fixing a Loose Side Mirror
Tools Needed:
Screwdriver (Phillips or flathead, depending on the screws), possibly a socket wrench.
Steps:
Inspect the Mounting Screws: Open the vehicle door and look for the screws that hold the mirror assembly in place. They are usually accessible from inside the door panel or under a plastic cover on the outside. Tighten the Screws: If the mirror is loose, tighten the screws with the appropriate tool. Ensure all screws are secure, but avoid over-tightening, which could damage the mounting. Check for Damage: If the screws are tight but the mirror is still loose, the mounting bracket inside the door or the mirror assembly itself might be damaged, requiring further inspection or replacement.
Replacing Broken Mirror Glass
Tools Needed:
Replacement mirror glass, adhesive or double-sided tape, gloves (to protect your hands from broken glass).
Steps:
Purchase the Replacement Glass: Ensure you get the correct size and shape for your vehicle’s model. You can find these at auto parts stores or online. Remove the Broken Glass: Carefully pry out the remaining glass pieces from the mirror housing. Use gloves to avoid cuts. Clean the Housing: Remove any adhesive residue and clean the surface where the new glass will be mounted. Attach the New Glass: Apply adhesive or double-sided tape to the back of the new mirror glass. Press it firmly into place within the mirror housing. Allow to Set: If using adhesive, allow the mirror to set for the recommended time before driving the vehicle.
Replacing the Entire Side Mirror Assembly
Tools Needed:
Screwdriver, socket wrench, replacement mirror assembly.
Steps:
Remove the Interior Door Panel: To access the mirror mounting bolts, you may need to remove the interior door panel. This usually involves removing screws and carefully prying the panel off. Disconnect the Wiring: If your side mirror has electronic features (like power adjustment or heating), disconnect the electrical connector. Remove the Old Mirror: Unscrew the bolts holding the mirror assembly in place and carefully remove it from the vehicle. Install the New Mirror: Position the new mirror assembly, thread the mounting bolts, and tighten them securely. Reconnect Wiring: If applicable, reconnect the electrical wiring. Reattach the Door Panel: Once everything is secure, reattach the door panel, ensuring all clips and screws are in place.
Professional Help
If the damage is severe, or if you’re unsure about any step in the process, it’s best to take your vehicle to a professional mechanic or auto body shop. They can properly diagnose and fix the problem, ensuring the mirror is securely installed and functional.
Temporary Fixes
Duct Tape: If you're in a pinch, you can temporarily secure a loose mirror with duct tape, but this is not a permanent solution. Mirror Repair Kits: Available at auto parts stores, these kits can provide temporary fixes for cracked or loose mirrors but may not offer a long-term solution.
Summary:
? What causes my vehicle mirrors to vibrate or shake?
Loose Mounting Hardware
Loose Screws or Bolts: If the screws or bolts that hold the mirror in place are loose, the mirror may vibrate or shake, especially when the vehicle is in motion. Over time, these fasteners can loosen due to vibrations from the road, causing the mirror to become unstable. Worn or Damaged Brackets: The brackets or clips that secure the mirror to the vehicle can wear out or break, leading to a loose fit and mirror vibration.
Poor Quality or Damaged Mirror Housing
Cheap or Aftermarket Mirrors: Lower-quality or poorly made mirrors may not fit as securely as original equipment manufacturer (OEM) mirrors, making them more prone to vibrations. Cracked or Damaged Housing: If the mirror housing is cracked or damaged, it may not hold the mirror glass securely, leading to shaking or vibrating, especially at higher speeds.
Engine or Vehicle Vibrations
Engine Vibrations: Vibrations from the engine, especially in vehicles with rough idling or engine issues, can transfer to the mirrors. This is more noticeable in older vehicles or those with poorly maintained engines. Wheel Imbalance or Suspension Issues: Imbalanced wheels, worn tires, or suspension problems can cause vibrations throughout the vehicle, which may cause the mirrors to shake, particularly at certain speeds.
Aerodynamic Forces
High Speeds: At high speeds, aerodynamic forces can cause mirrors to vibrate, especially if they are not securely mounted or have a large surface area. Wind: Strong winds or driving in windy conditions can cause external mirrors to vibrate or shake, especially if the mirror housing is not aerodynamically designed or securely attached.
Misaligned Mirrors
Incorrect Installation: If the mirror was not installed correctly or is not properly aligned with the vehicle's body, it might catch more wind or experience more vibrations, leading to shaking.
Deterioration of Mirror Components
Aging or Worn Components: Over time, the components that hold the mirror in place, such as plastic clips, rubber seals, or adhesives, can deteriorate. This wear and tear can result in a less secure mirror, leading to vibration.
Vibration from the Road Surface
Rough Roads: Driving on rough or uneven road surfaces can cause vibrations that travel through the vehicle's body and into the mirrors. Poor Shock Absorbers: If the vehicle’s shock absorbers are worn, they may not adequately dampen road vibrations, which can cause the mirrors to shake.
External Add-Ons or Modifications
Aftermarket Accessories: External add-ons like mirror extensions or additional side-view mirrors can disrupt the vehicle's aerodynamics, leading to increased vibration. Increased Mirror Weight: If you’ve added accessories to the mirror or replaced the mirror glass with a heavier option, this could lead to increased vibration.
Solutions to Reduce Mirror Vibration:
Tighten Mounting Hardware: Check and tighten any loose screws or bolts securing the mirror. Inspect and Replace Worn Components: If the mirror housing, brackets, or seals are worn or damaged, consider replacing them. Balance Wheels and Check Suspension: Ensure your wheels are balanced and your suspension is in good condition to minimize vehicle vibrations. Upgrade to OEM Mirrors: If you're using aftermarket mirrors, consider upgrading to OEM mirrors designed specifically for your vehicle. Use Mirror Stabilizers: Some vehicles may benefit from aftermarket mirror stabilizers designed to reduce vibrations.
Summary:
? How do I adjust my mirrors to reduce blind spots?
Adjust the driver's side mirror outward until you can just barely see the rear corner of your vehicle at the inner edge of the mirror—roughly 10–15% of the mirror's view . Adjust the passenger-side mirror outward using the same principle. The goal is to see the adjacent lane rather than duplicate the view already provided by the interior rearview mirror. This approach is sometimes called the BGE (Blind Spot Glare Elimination) method . By positioning the side mirrors farther outward, you can substantially reduce the traditional blind spot caused by overlapping mirror views. Adjust the interior rearview mirror so that the entire rear window is visible without requiring you to move your head. Use all three mirrors together. Properly positioned, the interior and side mirrors provide broad, overlapping coverage behind and beside the vehicle. Do not rely solely on mirrors when changing lanes. Check the appropriate area beside the vehicle and over your shoulder when necessary, because mirrors cannot eliminate every blind spot. For a deeper walkthrough with diagrams, see our full mirror adjustment guide .