Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving

DANGERS > PEDESTRIANS

Pedestrians

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More than 270 000 pedestrians lose their lives on the world’s roads each year accounting for 22% of the total 1.24 million road traffic deaths. WHO

⚠️ Note that a number of clips contain serious collisions.

The hazards involving pedestrians are categorized according to the sub-sections below:

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Dangers Pedestrians

🛈 Statistics on pedestrian deaths around the world

Pedestrian deaths are a significant problem worldwide, and unfortunately, the statistics paint a grim picture. Here are some statistics on pedestrian deaths worldwide:

  • In the United States, there were 6,283 pedestrian deaths in 2018, accounting for 17% of all traffic fatalities. This was the highest number of pedestrian deaths since 1990.

  • In the European Union (EU), there were 21,204 pedestrian deaths between 2010 and 2019, accounting for 21% of all road fatalities.

  • In India, there were 22,656 pedestrian deaths in 2019, accounting for 15% of all road fatalities.

  • In Australia, there were 169 pedestrian deaths in 2020, accounting for 14% of all road deaths.

These statistics highlight the need for greater awareness and action to improve pedestrian safety on the roads. Governments, cities, and communities should take steps to improve pedestrian infrastructure, such as adding crosswalks, improving lighting and visibility, and reducing vehicle speeds.

Drivers should also be more aware of pedestrians and adjust their driving accordingly. By working together, we can reduce the number of pedestrian deaths and make our roads safer for everyone.

☠️Pedestrians most at risk

Pedestrians are indeed among the most vulnerable road users and are at higher risk of injury or fatality in traffic accidents. Here are some reasons why pedestrians are particularly vulnerable:

  • Lack of Protection: Unlike motorists who are inside vehicles, pedestrians have no structural protection in the event of a collision. They are directly exposed to the impact and are more susceptible to severe injuries.

  • Limited Visibility: Pedestrians can be less visible to drivers, especially in low-light conditions or when obstructed by objects, parked cars, or vegetation. This makes it more challenging for drivers to anticipate and respond to their presence.

  • Speed and Distance: Vehicles can travel at higher speeds compared to pedestrians. The impact of a vehicle striking a pedestrian can be severe, especially if the vehicle is traveling at a high speed. Additionally, the distance required for a vehicle to come to a complete stop is longer than that for a pedestrian.

  • Intersection Risks: Intersections can be particularly dangerous for pedestrians, as they often involve multiple directions of traffic and various crossing points. Failure to obey traffic signals, distracted driving, or turning without checking for pedestrians can lead to collisions.

  • Age and Physical Ability: Children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities may have reduced mobility, slower reaction times, or difficulty judging traffic situations. This can make them more vulnerable when crossing roads or walking near traffic.

To enhance pedestrian safety, several measures can be implemented:

  • Improved Infrastructure: Constructing and maintaining sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian bridges or tunnels can help separate pedestrians from vehicle traffic and provide safer crossing points.

  • Traffic Calming Measures: Implementing traffic calming measures, such as speed bumps, raised crosswalks, and narrower lanes, can help reduce vehicle speeds and increase driver awareness in areas with high pedestrian activity.

  • Pedestrian Education: Promoting pedestrian safety education programs and campaigns can increase awareness among pedestrians about safe crossing practices and the importance of being visible to drivers.

  • Driver Education and Enforcement: Educating drivers about pedestrian right-of-way laws, the importance of yielding to pedestrians, and the potential consequences of not doing so can improve driver behavior and reduce the risk to pedestrians. Enforcing traffic laws and holding drivers accountable for violations can also help deter unsafe driving practices.

  • Improved Lighting: Adequate street lighting can enhance visibility for both drivers and pedestrians, particularly during nighttime hours.

  • Distraction Awareness: Raising awareness about the dangers of distracted driving and encouraging drivers to stay focused on the road can help reduce the risk of collisions involving pedestrians.

It's important for both pedestrians and drivers to be alert, cautious, and respectful of each other's presence on the road. By practicing safe behaviors and adhering to traffic laws, the risk to pedestrians can be significantly reduced.

Where do most pedestrian accidents occur?

Pedestrian accidents can occur in various locations, but there are some common areas where they are more likely to happen:

  • Crosswalks: Pedestrians are vulnerable when crossing at designated crosswalks, especially if drivers fail to yield or ignore traffic signals.

  • Intersections: Both marked and unmarked intersections can be dangerous for pedestrians, particularly when drivers are making turns and may not see pedestrians crossing.

  • Urban Areas: Areas with high pedestrian traffic, such as downtowns, shopping districts, and near public transportation hubs, often see more pedestrian accidents due to the mix of vehicles and pedestrians.

  • Residential Areas: Suburban streets and residential neighborhoods can also be risky for pedestrians, especially where visibility is limited, and drivers may not expect pedestrians.

  • Parking Lots: Pedestrians are at risk in parking lots where visibility can be obstructed by parked cars, and drivers may not anticipate pedestrians walking between vehicles.

  • Non-Intersection Areas: Mid-block crossings or areas where pedestrians cross outside designated crosswalks are particularly hazardous, as drivers may not expect pedestrians.

Factors Contributing to Pedestrian Accidents:

  • Distracted Driving/Walking: Both drivers and pedestrians distracted by cell phones or other devices are less likely to notice each other.

  • Speeding: Higher vehicle speeds increase the risk of serious injury or fatalities in pedestrian accidents.

  • Poor Visibility: Low-light conditions, such as at night or during bad weather, reduce visibility for both drivers and pedestrians.

  • Failure to Yield: Drivers failing to yield to pedestrians in crosswalks or at intersections.

  • Alcohol or Drugs: Impaired driving or walking significantly increases the likelihood of accidents.

Safety Tips for Pedestrians:

  • Use designated crosswalks and obey traffic signals.

  • Make eye contact with drivers before crossing.

  • Wear bright or reflective clothing in low-light conditions.

  • Avoid distractions like cell phones while crossing the street.

  • Walk facing traffic when sidewalks are unavailable.

Conclusion:

Pedestrian accidents can occur anywhere, but they are most common at crosswalks, intersections, urban areas, residential neighborhoods, parking lots, and non-intersection areas. Both drivers and pedestrians can take steps to increase safety and reduce the risk of accidents by being vigilant, following traffic laws, and staying alert.

Why do pedestrians have the right of way?

The concept of pedestrians having the right of way is rooted in principles of safety and urban planning designed to protect the more vulnerable road users—pedestrians—while promoting efficient and orderly movement of traffic. Here are the main reasons why pedestrians generally have the right of way in many traffic situations:

  • Vulnerability: Pedestrians are more vulnerable than drivers in terms of physical protection. In the event of an accident, pedestrians are more likely to sustain serious injuries or fatalities compared to occupants of vehicles.

  • Promoting Walkability: Giving pedestrians the right of way encourages walking as a mode of transportation, which is beneficial for public health, reducing congestion, and minimizing environmental impact.

  • Legal and Ethical Considerations: Traffic laws in many jurisdictions prioritize pedestrian safety by mandating that drivers yield to pedestrians in crosswalks and intersections. This helps establish clear rules and expectations for both drivers and pedestrians.

  • Urban Design: Cities and towns are often designed with sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian signals to facilitate safe and convenient movement for pedestrians. Granting pedestrians the right of way supports these urban planning efforts.

  • Intersection Safety: At intersections, giving pedestrians the right of way helps reduce conflicts between pedestrians and turning vehicles. It ensures that pedestrians can safely cross without having to navigate around vehicles.

Exceptions and Considerations:

  • Jaywalking: In some places, pedestrians may not have the right of way if they cross outside designated crosswalks or intersections where there are traffic signals. Jaywalking laws vary by jurisdiction.

  • Driver Responsibilities: While pedestrians generally have the right of way, they must also exercise caution and cross streets safely. Drivers are expected to yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks and at intersections, but pedestrians should not step into traffic unexpectedly.

Overall, giving pedestrians the right of way promotes safety, encourages sustainable transportation options, and reflects societal priorities for prioritizing the safety of vulnerable road users in urban environments.

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Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving