Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving

DANGERS > ROAD > OVERTAKING

Overtaking

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☠️ Overtaking is both a high-risk and lethal action because of the combined vehicle speeds in the event of a head-on collision.

This section shows how to identify the risks as well as to avoid posing a danger to others.

We cover these categories:

☠️Alert:

? Questions:

Dangers Road Overtaking

Risks

When overtaking, there are certain factors to be cognizant of. This sub-section focuses on each of these factors.

Also Overtaking

When overtaking, be alert to any who may not see you and also decide to overtake.

Conversely, before overtaking, always check your side mirror to ensure there are no vehicles already in the process of overtaking.

Enough Speed

For the period that a person is in the process of overtaking, one wants to minimize the time spent on the opposite side of the road to reduce the exposure to oncoming traffic.

Renter Gap

In order to overtake, the driver must take into account not just the circumstances for the oncoming lane to be clear, but also that there is the space to be able to reenter his side of the road after overtaking.

Side Entrance

It may seem that the road is clear to overtake, however, there is always the danger that a vehicle can enter from the side of the road.

Turning

When overtaking, be alert to any vehicles ahead that may turn off the road, not expecting that they would indicate before doing so.

Here it is important to have an escape route in mind if such a situation does arise.

Visibility

We examine the factors to take into account before overtaking, that would reduce the visibility of any oncoming vehicles.

Bend

A bend would reduce the visibility of any oncoming vehicles and is determined by variables such as curvature, inside or outside arc as well as the clearance of vision to the space surrounding the bend.

Blind Rise

Where the road rises in height to the extent that it hides the oncoming traffic, it then poses a danger to overtaking. We look at examples in this section.

Murky

A number of phenomena could blur the visibility of what lays ahead; things such as fog, smog, dust cloud and smoke.

Such limited visibility poses an obvious danger to being able to clearly see oncoming traffic in order to overtake safely.

Restricted

In this scenario, when you are overtaking and have vehicles ahead of you that are also overtaking, they then block any visibility of approaching vehicles.

This is extremely dangerous as when an approaching vehicle does come into your vision, you may not have the time or space to respond.

Viewing Angle

It is imperative that enough space is allowed between the vehicle that wants to overtake and the vehicle ahead to be passed. This will give the driver a better viewing angle and the space for run up speed in order to pass.

☠️ Do head-on collisions have the highest fatality rate?

Yes, head-on collisions are often associated with one of the highest fatality rates among different types of traffic accidents. Head-on collisions occur when two vehicles traveling in opposite directions collide with their front ends facing each other. Several factors contribute to the high fatality rate of head-on collisions:

  • Impact Forces: Head-on collisions involve the combined speeds of both vehicles, resulting in very high impact forces. The forces involved can cause severe injuries and fatalities to the occupants of both vehicles.

  • Lack of Safety Distance: Head-on collisions often occur due to inadequate passing maneuvers or when a vehicle crosses the centerline into oncoming traffic. In these situations, drivers have limited time to react, and there is little distance available for deceleration or evasive action.

  • Lack of Crash Absorption: The front of vehicles is designed to absorb the impact during a crash. In head-on collisions, this crash absorption feature is compromised as both vehicles' fronts collide, leading to more severe forces transmitted to the occupants.

  • Occupant Protection: In a head-on collision, the force of the impact can exceed the safety features' capacity, such as airbags and seat belts, leading to a higher likelihood of fatal injuries to vehicle occupants.

  • Vehicle Intrusion: Head-on collisions can cause significant vehicle intrusion, especially in cases where one or both vehicles are traveling at high speeds. This intrusion can result in severe injuries to the occupants.

  • Rollover Potential: Depending on the speed and circumstances of the collision, head-on impacts can sometimes lead to vehicle rollovers, which can increase the risk of fatal injuries.

It's important to note that the severity of any accident depends on various factors, including the speed of the vehicles, the angle of impact, the type of vehicles involved, and the use of safety restraints. Reducing the occurrence of head-on collisions requires strict enforcement of traffic laws, proper road design, driver education, and promoting safe driving behaviors.

? Where is it unlawful to overtake and pass?

Overtaking and passing other vehicles is a common driving maneuver, but there are specific situations and locations where it is unlawful or unsafe to do so. Here are some common areas and conditions where overtaking and passing are generally prohibited:

Common Places Where Overtaking and Passing Are Unlawful

  • Intersections: It is typically illegal to overtake and pass another vehicle within an intersection or when approaching an intersection.

  • Pedestrian Crosswalks: Overtaking is usually prohibited when approaching or within a pedestrian crosswalk, especially if it is marked or there are pedestrians present.

  • Railroad Crossings: Passing is generally unlawful within a certain distance of railroad crossings, as indicated by road signs and markings.

  • Curves and Hills: Overtaking is prohibited on curves or hills where visibility is limited and you cannot see the oncoming traffic clearly.

  • No-Passing Zones: Designated no-passing zones, marked by solid yellow lines on the road or no-passing signs, indicate areas where overtaking is unsafe and illegal.

  • Tunnels and Bridges: Passing is often prohibited in tunnels and on bridges due to the restricted space and potential hazards.

  • School Zones: Overtaking and passing are usually prohibited in active school zones when children are present, and sometimes in school areas at all times.

  • Emergency Vehicles: It is unlawful to overtake an emergency vehicle that is stopped and has its lights flashing. You must slow down and, if possible, change lanes to give them space.

Specific Situations to Avoid Overtaking

  • Narrow Roads: Avoid overtaking on narrow roads where there is insufficient space to pass safely.

  • Poor Weather Conditions: In adverse weather conditions such as heavy rain, fog, or snow, overtaking may be unsafe and is often discouraged or prohibited.

  • Heavy Traffic: In congested traffic conditions, overtaking can be dangerous and may lead to accidents, so it is often better to wait until it is safe to pass.

  • Near Stopped School Buses: In many jurisdictions, it is illegal to pass a school bus that is stopped with its lights flashing and stop sign extended.

Penalties for Unlawful Overtaking

  • Fines: Violations can result in fines, which vary depending on the jurisdiction and severity of the offense.

  • Points on License: Drivers may receive points on their driving record, which can lead to increased insurance premiums and potential license suspension.

  • Legal Consequences: In cases where unlawful overtaking leads to accidents or injuries, there can be more severe legal consequences, including charges of reckless driving or vehicular manslaughter.

Conclusion

Overtaking and passing are maneuvers that require careful judgment and adherence to traffic laws. Knowing where it is unlawful to overtake and pass is essential for maintaining safety on the roads and avoiding legal penalties. Always observe road signs, markings, and local traffic regulations to ensure you are overtaking in a legal and safe manner.

? How to overtake traffic?

Overtaking traffic safely and legally requires careful consideration of the road conditions, traffic laws, and the behavior of other drivers. Here are the steps and tips to help you overtake traffic safely:

Steps to Safely Overtake Traffic

Assess the Situation:

  • Visibility: Ensure you have a clear view of the road ahead. Overtake only when you can see enough distance to complete the maneuver safely.

  • Road Conditions: Check for any road signs or markings that indicate no-passing zones, curves, hills, intersections, or other potential hazards.

  • Traffic: Assess the speed and behavior of the vehicle you intend to overtake and other vehicles on the road.

Signal Your Intentions:

  • Use Indicators: Signal your intention to overtake well in advance to alert other drivers of your maneuver.

Check Mirrors and Blind Spots:

  • Rearview and Side Mirrors: Ensure there is no vehicle approaching from behind at a higher speed.

  • Blind Spots: Look over your shoulder to check your blind spots for any hidden vehicles.

Accelerate Smoothly:

  • Increase Speed: Once you are sure it is safe, accelerate smoothly to a speed that allows you to pass the vehicle quickly and safely.

  • Do Not Tailgate: Maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front before starting to overtake.

Move to the Passing Lane:

  • Change Lanes Safely: Move into the passing lane without cutting off other vehicles. Ensure you have enough space to make the lane change safely.

Complete the Overtake:

  • Maintain Speed: Continue to accelerate until you have safely passed the vehicle.

  • Signal Again: Once you have overtaken, signal to return to your original lane.

Return to Your Lane:

  • Check Mirrors: Ensure you can see the overtaken vehicle in your rearview mirror before returning to your lane.

  • Smooth Lane Change: Gradually return to your lane without cutting off the overtaken vehicle.

Additional Tips for Safe Overtaking

Legal Considerations:

  • Know the Laws: Familiarize yourself with local traffic laws regarding overtaking and no-passing zones.

  • Observe Speed Limits: Do not exceed the speed limit while overtaking.

Overtaking Multiple Vehicles:

  • One at a Time: Overtake one vehicle at a time to ensure you have enough space and time to complete the maneuver safely.

Night and Poor Weather:

  • Extra Caution: Exercise extra caution when overtaking at night or in poor weather conditions. Reduced visibility and road traction can increase risks.

Large Vehicles:

  • More Space: When overtaking large vehicles like trucks or buses, ensure you have sufficient space and time, as they may take longer to pass.

Avoid Aggressive Driving:

  • Patience: Be patient and wait for a safe opportunity to overtake. Avoid aggressive driving behaviors that can endanger yourself and others.

Conclusion

Overtaking traffic is a common but potentially hazardous driving maneuver that requires careful judgment, adherence to traffic laws, and consideration of road conditions and other drivers. By following these steps and tips, you can overtake safely and minimize the risk of accidents. Always prioritize safety and legality when making overtaking decisions.

? What should you do when you are overtaken by another vehicle?

When you are being overtaken by another vehicle, it is important to ensure the maneuver is completed safely and smoothly. Here are the steps you should follow when another vehicle is overtaking you:

Steps to Follow When Being Overtaken

Stay Calm and Alert:

  • Maintain Awareness: Keep an eye on your surroundings and be aware of the overtaking vehicle's actions.

Maintain Your Speed and Lane Position:

  • Consistent Speed: Maintain a steady speed to allow the overtaking driver to judge the maneuver correctly.

  • Stay in Your Lane: Do not change lanes or swerve. Keep a steady and predictable path.

Allow Space:

  • Provide Room: If safe and legal, you can move slightly to the right within your lane to provide additional space for the overtaking vehicle.

Do Not Accelerate:

  • Avoid Speeding Up: Do not accelerate as the other vehicle is overtaking. This can create a dangerous situation for both drivers.

Use Your Mirrors:

  • Monitor the Overtaking Vehicle: Use your mirrors to keep track of the overtaking vehicle's progress without taking your eyes off the road for too long.

Avoid Distractions:

  • Focus on the Road: Stay focused and avoid any distractions that might prevent you from reacting appropriately if needed.

Adjust Your Speed if Necessary:

  • Slow Down Gradually: If the overtaking vehicle needs more space to complete the maneuver, gently reduce your speed.

Be Prepared for Other Overtaking Vehicles:

  • Stay Alert: Be prepared for the possibility of other vehicles also attempting to overtake, especially if you are driving on a multi-lane road.

Special Considerations

  • Narrow Roads: On narrow roads, be especially cautious and consider moving closer to the edge of your lane to allow more space for the overtaking vehicle.

  • Heavy Traffic: In heavy traffic conditions, maintain a steady speed and be mindful of other drivers' actions.

  • Night and Poor Weather: During nighttime or in poor weather conditions, be extra cautious as visibility is reduced. Ensure your vehicle's lights are on and functioning properly.

  • Large Vehicles: If a large vehicle, such as a truck or bus, is overtaking you, be aware that it may take longer for them to complete the maneuver. Maintain a steady speed and provide ample space.

Conclusion

When being overtaken by another vehicle, it's crucial to remain calm, maintain your speed and lane position, and provide space for the overtaking vehicle. Avoid any sudden maneuvers or acceleration that could create a hazardous situation. By staying alert and following these guidelines, you can help ensure that the overtaking maneuver is completed safely for both you and the other driver.

? Is overtaking on the right illegal?

The legality of overtaking on the right (also known as "passing on the right") varies by jurisdiction and specific road conditions. Here are general guidelines for understanding when overtaking on the right is legal or illegal:

When Overtaking on the Right is Legal

Multi-Lane Highways:

  • Designated Lanes: On highways with multiple lanes traveling in the same direction, it is often legal to overtake on the right if the lanes are clearly marked and it is safe to do so.

One-Way Streets:

  • One-Way Traffic: On one-way streets where all lanes are moving in the same direction, passing on the right is usually permitted.

Traffic Conditions:

  • Slow-Moving or Stopped Traffic: In some jurisdictions, it is legal to pass on the right if the vehicle in the left lane is stopped or moving slowly due to traffic congestion.

Turning Vehicles:

  • Left-Turning Vehicles: If a vehicle in the left lane is signaling a left turn, you may be allowed to pass on the right, provided there is sufficient space and it is safe.

When Overtaking on the Right is Illegal

Single-Lane Roads:

  • Undivided Roads: On single-lane or undivided roads, overtaking on the right is typically illegal and dangerous.

Hazardous Conditions:

  • Unsafe Conditions: Passing on the right is prohibited if it creates a hazardous situation, such as limited visibility, road obstructions, or insufficient space.

No-Passing Zones:

  • Marked Zones: In areas specifically marked as no-passing zones, overtaking on the right is generally illegal.

Specific Laws by Jurisdiction

  • United States: The laws regarding passing on the right vary by state. Some states allow it under certain conditions, while others may have stricter regulations.

  • United Kingdom: In the UK, overtaking on the right (referred to as "undertaking") is generally discouraged and can be illegal, except in certain situations like heavy traffic or on motorways where lanes are moving at different speeds.

  • Other Countries: Different countries have varying rules, so it is essential to be familiar with the local traffic laws where you are driving.

Safety Considerations

Visibility:

  • Ensure Clear Visibility: Only pass on the right if you have a clear view of the road ahead and the space is sufficient to do so safely.

Signal Intentions:

  • Use Turn Signals: Always use your turn signals to indicate your intention to change lanes or pass.

Check Mirrors and Blind Spots:

  • Be Aware of Surroundings: Check all mirrors and blind spots before attempting to pass on the right.

Maintain Safe Speed:

  • Avoid Speeding: Maintain a safe and legal speed while overtaking.

Conclusion

Overtaking on the right can be legal under certain conditions, such as on multi-lane highways, one-way streets, and in specific traffic situations. However, it is illegal and dangerous in many other contexts, especially on single-lane roads and in hazardous conditions. Always be aware of local traffic laws and prioritize safety when considering overtaking on the right.

? Can you overtake at traffic lights?

Overtaking at traffic lights is generally not recommended and can be illegal in many situations. Here are some guidelines and considerations:

General Guidelines

Intersections:

  • Prohibited: Overtaking at or near intersections is often prohibited because it can lead to accidents and confusion.

Traffic Lights:

  • Safety: Traffic lights are high-risk areas due to frequent stopping and starting, turning vehicles, and pedestrian crossings.

Right-of-Way:

  • Respect Signals: Always respect traffic signals and the right-of-way rules at intersections. Overtaking could cause you to run a red light or collide with other vehicles.

Legal Considerations

Local Laws:

  • Varies by Jurisdiction: The legality of overtaking at traffic lights varies by jurisdiction. In many places, it is illegal to overtake at or near traffic lights.

No-Passing Zones:

  • Markings and Signs: Pay attention to road markings and signs indicating no-passing zones, which are often found near intersections and traffic lights.

Situations Where Overtaking at Traffic Lights May Be Considered

Turning Lanes:

  • Dedicated Turning Lanes: If there are dedicated turning lanes, you might pass vehicles waiting to turn if you are going straight, but only if it is safe and legal to do so.

Stopped Vehicles:

  • Disabled Vehicles: If a vehicle is disabled or parked illegally at a traffic light, you may need to pass it carefully.

Safety Considerations

Pedestrians and Cyclists:

  • Crosswalks: Be especially cautious of pedestrians and cyclists who may be crossing the road at traffic lights.

Visibility:

  • Clear View: Ensure you have a clear view of the entire intersection and all traffic lights before making any maneuvers.

Unexpected Movements:

  • Other Drivers: Be aware that other drivers may make unexpected movements at traffic lights, such as sudden stops or turns.

Practical Tips

Patience:

  • Wait Your Turn: It is usually safer and more prudent to wait your turn at traffic lights rather than attempting to overtake.

Signaling:

  • Use Indicators: Always use your turn signals to communicate your intentions to other drivers.

Check Surroundings:

  • Blind Spots and Mirrors: Check your mirrors and blind spots before making any lane changes or overtaking maneuvers.

Conclusion

Overtaking at traffic lights is generally not advisable and can be illegal in many places due to the high risk of accidents and the complexity of traffic movements at intersections. It is safer to wait your turn and respect traffic signals and right-of-way rules. Always prioritize safety and be aware of local traffic laws and regulations.

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Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving