Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving

SAFETY > TRIP > DRIVING

Driving

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Having applied all the previous steps or phases of the trip, you are now off to a good start for a safe journey.

Become familiar with the contents of this course and apply the principles to the extent that it becomes second nature.

Over time you will find that you develop a 'gut feel' or refined perception of scenarios on the road BEFORE they develop.

When stopping along the way, be aware of areas that could lend themselves to a hijacking:

  • Low light

  • Areas close to the road that a person could conceal themselves.

  • If you have a negative 'gut feel' about a location, rather break the law safely than putting yourself in harm's way.

Have a look at the Real Life sub-section to get a good idea of how to put these Advanced Driving techniques into practice.

💡 Tips:

? Questions:

Safety Trip Driving

💡 Top safety tips when driving

  • Always Wear Your Seatbelt: Ensure all passengers are buckled up before you start driving. Seatbelts significantly reduce the risk of injury or death in the event of an accident.

  • Avoid Distractions: Stay focused on the road. Avoid using your phone, eating, or any other activity that takes your attention away from driving.

  • Obey Speed Limits: Follow posted speed limits and adjust your speed according to road conditions, traffic, and weather.

  • Maintain a Safe Following Distance: Keep a safe distance between your vehicle and the one in front of you to allow adequate time to react in case of sudden stops.

  • Use Turn Signals: Always signal your intentions to change lanes, turn, or merge. This helps other drivers anticipate your actions and react accordingly.

  • Keep Your Vehicle Maintained: Regularly check your vehicle’s brakes, tires, lights, and fluid levels to ensure it is in good working condition.

  • Drive Defensively: Be aware of other drivers and anticipate potential hazards. Stay alert and prepared to react to unexpected situations.

  • Adjust for Weather Conditions: Slow down and increase your following distance in adverse weather conditions like rain, snow, fog, or ice.

  • Avoid Driving Under the Influence: Never drive under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or any substances that impair your ability to drive.

  • Use Headlights Appropriately: Use your headlights in low visibility conditions, at dusk, dawn, and in bad weather to improve your visibility to others.

  • Observe Traffic Signs and Signals: Follow all traffic signs, signals, and road markings. They are there to ensure the safe flow of traffic.

  • Be Cautious at Intersections: Approach intersections carefully, even when you have the right of way. Look out for other vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists.

  • Keep Your Eyes on the Road: Scan the road ahead, to the sides, and behind you regularly to stay aware of your surroundings and potential hazards.

  • Know Your Vehicle’s Blind Spots: Adjust your mirrors properly and be aware of your vehicle’s blind spots. Always check these spots before changing lanes.

  • Stay Calm and Patient: Avoid aggressive driving behaviors like tailgating, honking excessively, or weaving through traffic. Staying calm helps you make better decisions.

  • Use Cruise Control Wisely: Use cruise control on long trips to maintain a constant speed and reduce fatigue. However, avoid using it in heavy traffic or adverse weather conditions.

  • Plan Your Route: Know your route in advance to avoid last-minute decisions and lane changes. Use GPS or maps for guidance if necessary.

  • Rest When Tired: Take regular breaks on long trips to rest and recharge. Fatigue can impair your reaction time and judgment.

  • Avoid Heavy Loads: Do not overload your vehicle, as it can affect handling and braking. Ensure loads are securely fastened.

  • Know Emergency Procedures: Be familiar with how to handle common driving emergencies, such as tire blowouts, brake failure, and skidding.

Conclusion

Adhering to these safety tips can significantly reduce your risk of accidents and help ensure a safer driving experience for you and others on the road. Always prioritize safety over convenience and remain vigilant behind the wheel.

💡 Safety tips if your car breaks down on the side of the road

If your car breaks down on the side of the road, safety is your top priority. Here are important tips to stay safe:

Move Off the Road (If Possible)

  • Pull over to a safe location, such as the shoulder or emergency lane, if possible. Try to get your car completely off the road to avoid the risk of collision.

  • If you can’t pull over fully, try to stop as far to the right as possible and avoid stopping around curves or blind spots.

Turn on Hazard Lights

  • Immediately turn on your hazard lights to alert other drivers that your vehicle is disabled. This is crucial in bad weather or low-visibility situations, such as nighttime.

Use Warning Devices

  • Place reflective triangles or road flares a safe distance behind your car to give other drivers plenty of warning.

  • If you have them, place cones or other visible objects around your vehicle.

Stay Inside the Vehicle (If Safe)

  • Stay inside your car with your seatbelt on, especially if you're in an unsafe location such as on a busy highway or in heavy traffic.

  • Exit from the passenger side if you need to get out of the car and if the side of the road is safe. Avoid standing near the traffic lanes.

Call for Help

  • Call for roadside assistance or a tow service immediately. Let them know your exact location, road conditions, and whether you're in a potentially dangerous situation.

  • If you don’t have a roadside assistance service, call a local towing company or emergency services if you feel unsafe.

Don’t Work on the Car in Traffic

  • Avoid trying to fix the car on the side of the road, especially in high-traffic areas or bad weather conditions. It’s safer to wait for help.

  • If you must check something, be very cautious and avoid staying near the road.

Stay Aware of Your Surroundings

  • Be cautious of any potential hazards around you, such as other vehicles passing by. If you're outside the car, stay as far from traffic as possible.

Exit the Vehicle in Case of Danger

  • If your car breaks down in a high-risk location (e.g., middle of the road, on a busy highway), and you feel it's unsafe to stay in the vehicle, exit the car cautiously and move to a safer area while waiting for help.

Don’t Accept Rides from Strangers

  • It’s better to wait for professional help rather than accepting assistance from strangers. Politely decline offers and stay in a secure place until roadside assistance or the police arrive.

Know Your Location

  • Be aware of landmarks, mile markers, or any signs that can help you describe your location to emergency services or a tow truck.

By following these steps, you can minimize the risks and stay as safe as possible while waiting for assistance.

💡 Off-road driving tips

Off-road driving can be exciting and challenging, but it requires special skills and precautions to ensure safety and vehicle preservation. Here are some essential tips for off-road driving:

  • Know Your Vehicle: Understand the capabilities and limitations of your vehicle before venturing off-road. Check that it is properly equipped for off-road conditions, including tires, suspension, and ground clearance.

  • Plan Your Route: Research the terrain and plan your route in advance. Use maps, GPS, or trail guides to identify potential obstacles, water crossings, and elevation changes.

  • Drive Slowly and Carefully: Off-road terrain can be unpredictable with rocks, mud, sand, and steep inclines. Drive at a safe and controlled speed to maintain traction and avoid sudden maneuvers.

  • Use 4WD or AWD When Necessary: Engage 4-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel drive (AWD) as recommended for the terrain. This improves traction and stability, especially in challenging conditions.

  • Maintain Momentum: When traversing obstacles like rocks or sand, maintain a steady speed to avoid getting stuck. Momentum helps your vehicle navigate through soft or uneven terrain.

  • Avoid Sudden Movements: Steer smoothly and avoid abrupt acceleration or braking, which can cause loss of control. Use gentle inputs to navigate obstacles.

  • Use Proper Gear: Shift to a lower gear (low range) for steep ascents or descents to control speed and reduce strain on the vehicle's transmission and brakes.

  • Watch for Obstacles: Be alert for rocks, tree roots, ditches, and other obstacles that can damage your vehicle or cause it to become stuck. Choose the best line of travel to avoid hazards.

  • Stay on Designated Trails: Respect environmental regulations and stay on designated off-road trails to minimize impact on natural habitats and prevent erosion.

  • Be Prepared: Carry essential recovery equipment such as tow straps, a shovel, tire repair kit, and a high-lift jack. Pack emergency supplies, including water, food, first aid kit, and communication devices.

  • Know Your Limits: If you encounter terrain or conditions beyond your skill level or your vehicle's capabilities, consider turning back or seeking assistance from experienced off-road drivers.

  • Leave No Trace: Pack out all trash and leave the area as you found it to preserve the environment for others.

By following these off-road driving tips, you can enjoy a safer and more enjoyable off-road experience while minimizing the risk of damage to your vehicle and the environment.

? What are the most common driving mistakes?

Driving requires constant attention and adherence to safety rules. Here are some of the most common driving mistakes that can lead to accidents or traffic violations:

Distracted Driving

Speeding

  • Exceeding the speed limit reduces reaction time and increases the severity of accidents.

Tailgating

  • Following too closely can lead to rear-end collisions if the car in front stops suddenly.

Failure to Signal

  • Not using turn signals confuses other drivers and can cause accidents during lane changes or turns.

Ignoring Traffic Signs and Signals

  • Running red lights or stop signs can lead to serious collisions.

Improper Lane Changes

  • Changing lanes without checking blind spots or using mirrors can result in side-swiping other vehicles.

Not Yielding Right of Way

Driving Under the Influence

  • Alcohol and drugs impair judgment, reaction times, and coordination.

Fatigued Driving

  • Driving while tired can be as dangerous as driving under the influence, as it affects concentration and reaction times.

Improper Merging

  • Not accelerating to the speed of traffic or cutting off other drivers when entering highways.

Incorrect Use of Headlights

  • Not using headlights in low visibility conditions or using high beams inappropriately can reduce visibility for other drivers.

Ignoring Weather Conditions

  • Not adjusting speed or driving behavior for rain, snow, ice, or fog can lead to loss of control.

Failure to Maintain Vehicle

  • Driving with poorly maintained brakes, tires, or other critical systems increases the risk of accidents.

Aggressive Driving

  • Behaviors like road rage, tailgating, and weaving in and out of traffic can lead to dangerous situations.

Not Using Seat Belts

  • Failing to wear seat belts increases the risk of injury or death in a collision.

Overloading the Vehicle

  • Carrying too much weight can affect vehicle handling and braking.

Improper Parking

  • Parking in no-parking zones or double parking can obstruct traffic and lead to accidents.

Driving in Blind Spots

  • Staying in other vehicles' blind spots can increase the risk of collisions when those drivers change lanes.

Inadequate Following Distance

  • Not maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle ahead can lead to rear-end collisions.

Failing to Check Mirrors

  • Not regularly checking rearview and side mirrors can result in not noticing other vehicles or obstacles.

Using Incorrect Gears

  • For manual transmissions, using the wrong gear can strain the engine and decrease control over the vehicle.

Not Knowing Road Rules

  • Ignorance of specific traffic laws and regulations can result in violations and unsafe driving.

Prevention Tips

  • Stay Focused: Avoid distractions and keep your eyes on the road.

  • Follow Speed Limits: Adjust your speed according to road conditions and traffic laws.

  • Maintain Safe Distances: Keep a reasonable distance from the car in front.

  • Use Signals: Always signal your intentions to other drivers.

  • Stay Calm: Avoid aggressive driving and be courteous to others on the road.

  • Regular Maintenance: Keep your vehicle in good condition to ensure safety.

By being aware of these common mistakes and taking steps to avoid them, drivers can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and improve overall road safety.

? Is it illegal to not wear shoes while driving?

In the United States, there are no federal laws prohibiting driving barefoot. However, the legality of driving without shoes can vary by state and local jurisdiction. Here are some key points to consider:

United States

State Laws:

  • No Specific Prohibitions: Most states do not have laws that specifically prohibit driving barefoot. For example, states like California, Texas, and Florida do not have laws against driving without shoes.

  • Law Enforcement Discretion: In some states, while there may not be a law specifically against it, law enforcement officers have the discretion to issue a citation if they believe barefoot driving contributed to reckless driving or an accident.

Safety Concerns:

  • Control of Pedals: Driving without shoes can sometimes result in less control over the pedals, which can be considered dangerous. This is particularly true if the driver’s feet are wet or slippery.

  • Risk of Injury: In the event of an accident, driving barefoot can increase the risk of foot injury.

Insurance Implications:

  • Claims: If an accident occurs and the driver is found to have been barefoot, it could potentially affect insurance claims, especially if it is determined that driving without shoes contributed to the accident.

Other Countries

  • United Kingdom: Similar to the U.S., it is not illegal to drive barefoot. However, drivers must ensure that they can operate the vehicle safely and effectively, and failure to do so can lead to fines or penalties.

  • Australia: It is not illegal to drive barefoot in most parts of Australia. However, the law requires that drivers maintain proper control of their vehicle, and driving barefoot could be seen as failing to comply with this requirement if it impairs control.

Practical Considerations

  • Footwear Choice: If you choose not to wear shoes, ensure that your feet are clean and dry to maintain good grip and control over the pedals.

  • Keep Shoes Handy: It’s a good idea to keep a pair of shoes in your car in case you need to exit the vehicle unexpectedly or need better control for specific driving situations.

Conclusion

While it is generally not illegal to drive barefoot in the U.S. and many other countries, it is important to consider the safety implications and be aware of local regulations. Always prioritize safety and ensure that you can maintain full control over your vehicle.

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Street Survival - Advanced Defensive Driving